Thursday, June 21, 2018

Mark 12:28-34 (Matt. 22:34-40)


We come to the third question directed to Jesus in this final day (Tuesday) of His public ministry.  The question comes from a Scribe (or lawyer) who had heard Jesus’ answer to the Sadducees.  Being a Scribe (those whose tasks revolved around the passing on of the Scriptures by their faithful copying) linked him to the conservative Pharisees whose mission was to interpret the Law (and enforce it).  Jesus’ conversation after answering the question might indicate there is some genuineness on the part of this man,  But Matthew also indicates he came to Jesus to test Him (Mt. 22:35).

The question is simple: what is the greatest commandment?  Mark uses the term first (Grk. protos, the foremost or foundational commandment) in v28,29,30.  Matthew uses the term great (Grk. megas, great in weight, space, reach or importance).  There is no conflict.  In Jesus’ answer according to Matthew He says that Deut. 6:5 is both the first and great commandment (Mt. 22:38).  The two terms are synonymous in this setting but also complimentary.  Either of the terms tells us this command is the foundation; used together tells us with greater emphasis.  There is no law that is outside the expanse of this commandment.

Note that Jesus’ first answer quotes both Deut. 6:4-5.  Verse four is the shema (from the Hebrew term for hear): Shama Yisrael Yahweh Elohim Echad Yahweh; Hear O Israel, the LORD our God the LORD is One.  These word were on the lips of every Jew every day.  Moses spoke these words at the beginning of Deuteronomy before he laid out the Law for Israel as they prepared to enter the land.  It tells us something important: that God always intended Israel to keep the law out of a whole-hearted love for Him.  Relationship was always fundamental to the Mosaic Covenant.  There are frequent references in the law to God's love for Israel (cf. Deut. 4:37; 7:13; 10:15,18; 23:5).  When the Apostle John says we love God because He first loved us (1 John 4:19) he is stating a truth from before the cross of Christ as well as afterwards.  

The fundamental nature of this command to love God with the whole self is seen frequently throughout Deuteronomy.  Obedience to God was always to be the fruit of a love-relationship between God and Israel.  The very nature of God was that He would be merciful to those who loved Him and kept His commandments (Ex. 20:6; Dt. 5:10; 7:9).  Note the richness of Deut. 10:12 where Israel is required not simply to obey God but to fear Him, walk in His ways, love Him and serve Him with all their heart and soul.  Israel’s relationship with God was one of all-consuming love: they would know that God loved them by His mercy and He would know their love in return by their obedience.

Jesus answer to the Scribe’s question requires us to devote considerable time and attention to it; thus we will continue in tomorrow’s study.

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