Mark 16:1-8, The Tomb of Jesus

Now, what does the Bible say about the tomb of Jesus?

1.  Near the place of crucifixion (John 19:41).  At the traditional site the place of crucifixion is upstairs and the place of resurrection on the main floor.  At the Garden Skull Hill and the tomb are part of the same rock cliff and just around the corner from each other.  Remember: the landscape was seriously altered at the Church in order to build the building over it.

 2.  In a garden (John 19:41).  See the previous post #8.

3.  In a new tomb that had never been used (John 19:41).  Neither site can prove that their tomb was new.  The claim of some is that the Garden Tomb is 500 years older than the time of Christ and thus could not have been new.

4.  In a cemetery (Luke 24:5).  Jesus had been buried “among the dead,” i.e. in a cemetery.  The Church claims there were other tombs.  The GT is located right next to St. Stephen’s Church where numerous tombs from the time of Christ have been uncovered.

From this beautiful winter photo of Garden Tomb you see the natural ridge with the additional brick wall on top.  On the other side of this is the Church of St. Stephen.

Church of St. Stephen has many tombs. In this drawing see the small Garden Tomb at top with a large complex with weeping chamber and several burial chambers on other side of ridge.

5.  A wealthy man’s tomb (Matt. 27:57; Isaiah 53:9).  Isaiah prophesied this.  The next point indicates this to be the case.

6.  Hewn out of the rock (Matt. 27:60; Mk. 15:46).  The tomb was not a cave turned into a tomb but was hewn from the rock.  That makes it a rich man’s tomb.  At the GT you can see clearly that a tool was used to make the tomb.  At the Church there’s nothing but a slab so not much to see or study on this question.

 

Weeping chamber, clearly made with a tool, not a natural cave.

Same can be said of the burial chamber.

7.  Sealed with a large rolling stone (Matt. 27:60; Mk. 15:46).  At the GT there is a good-sized trough for the stone.  The present day door into the tomb was probably half the height but still would have needed a good sized stone for covering.  The tomb at the Church may have had a stone covering but again, any evidence is gone.

Trough in front of door at GT.

 8.  The burial chamber visible from the door (John 20:5).  At the GT, if you stand at the door as John did while waiting for Peter, you can see the one and a half of the three burial ledges. Again, at the Church, we can’t tell.

 

Diagram of Garden Tomb.  Door enters to weeping chamber on left; burial chamber on right.

This is the view from the door, seeing the back ledge and part of the middle ledge.

9.  The burial chamber on the right side of the tomb (Mark 16:5).  The door at the GT enters into the weeping or preparation chamber.  Then, the burial ledges are to the right.  At the Church, again, not much to see, but the claim is that the weeping chamber was first with the ledges further into the tomb.  The claim is that there were ledges left and right where the angels could have sat.

10.After 3 days it was EMPTY! (Mt 28:6; Mk 16:6; Lk 24:6; Jn. 20:8f).  Amen!  There is evidence today in both spots: Christ is not in either one!

Again, which tomb is not critical.  This is not a matter of heresy.  But whatever the word of God says about the tomb of Jesus must be true.  The GT certainly has something that can be seen that helps to understand what Scripture says about Jesus’ tomb.

Gen. 22:1-14, The Cross of Jesus

The next two posts are “review,” by which I mean it has been a long time since we shared our lists answering two questions about the location of the cross of Jesus and the nature of the tomb of Jesus.  We shared these things recently with our church family, with loads of photos. These photos will not appear here, but when we move this to the Blog we might include some of those photos.  First, according to the Bible, where was the cross of Jesus located?

1.  At Jerusalem (Matt. 16:21).  Jesus said these words, that His death would require going to Jerusalem.  See also Luke 16:33, “a prophet must not die outside of Jerusalem.”  The traditional sight (Ch. of the Holy Sepulcher) and my favored spot (Skull Hill near the Garden Tomb) were in the environs of Jerusalem.

Skull Hill at top, North of Altar, outside Damascus Gate; 

Holy Sepulcher left, West of Altar, outside Jaffa Gate

2.  Near the city, outside the gate (Hebrews 13:12).  Outside the camp or city was where the location of trash, lepers and death (cemeteries, places of execution).  The traditional spot relies on the discovery of a wall-configuration that is at least slightly controversial.  The Church is outside Jaffa Gate, Skull Hill outside Damascus Gate.

3.  By a busy road (John 19:20).  This was Roman tradition, to do crucifixions in places where many people could be intimidated and the criminal shamed.  Being Passover, all the roads were busy.  Both sites claim this with good reason.

4.  Golgotha (Hb)/Calvary (Lat), Place of a Skull (Mk 15:22; Lk 23:33).  Skull Hill might have looked like a skull.  At the Church the claim is that Jesus’ blood from the cross dripped on the skull of Adam that was buried there.  There is a “Chapel of Adam” that is part of the church complex.

Skull Hill 2000 AD

Chapel of Adam at Holy Sepulcher

 5.  North of the temple (Leviticus 1:10-11).  This comes from a references to all sacrifices for sin (burnt offering, sin offering and trespass offering) that involved a lamb/kid of the goats.  They were always to be killed north of the altar.  Skull Hill is north; the Holy Sepulcher is west. (Cf. map.)

6.  In the Mountain of the Lord (Gen 22:2,14).  Moses said this as a comment on Abraham’s taking Isaac to the land of Moriah to sacrifice him on the hill chosen by God.  Moses understood that story to indicate the actual location of God’s ultimate provision of salvation.  Skull Hill is in “the Land of Moriah,” one of the four peaks.

Land of Moriah sits between Zion on west and Kidron & Olivet on east.

Moriah has 4 peaks, called in these drawings by Charles Gordon Spring (Gihon), Rock (where Abraham offered Isaac; Hill of Zion and Jeremiah's Knoll (cave to right of skull face was traditional sight where Jeremiah wept over destruction of temple and Jerusalem).

7.  Between two criminals (John 19:18).  This “location” reveals the two possible responses to God’s offer of salvation through the blood of Jesus.

8.  Near a garden with a tomb (John 19:41).  I saw recently there is some new archaeological evidence of a garden under the Church.  There are several indications that the area of the Garden Tomb has always been a location for a garden.  There’s a cistern and a winepress on the property, and in the mid-1800s the tomb was discovered while the owner of the land was looking for water to grow things.

Winepress from Roman/Byzantine time

Cistern at Garden Tomb, seen in photo, under red roof in background.

Map of Garden Tomb showing nearness of place of crucifixion and tomb.

What is at stake in this is the truth of God’s word.  The claim of the “archaeologist” is not the issue.  Like every other profession, it is subject to politics and money.  This list comes from Scripture.

Heb. 6:19-20; 12:1-2, Our Forerunner!

There is another thing to note about Joseph of Arimathea.  He was a man of courage.  “Coming and taking courage” he went to Pilate and asked for Jesus’ body.  Joseph had a bravery like that of the heroes of Israel like David, Hezekiah, Daniel and so on.  Think about it.  In doing what he did Joseph risked the ire of the Jewish leaders.  They knew he disagreed with their decision to turn Jesus over to Pilate (Lk. 23:51).  But for him to honor Christ in His death was a real slap in the face of the Jews.  They could have persecuted Joseph as they had Jesus.  At the same time, he risked the ire of Rome.  Crucified individuals did not get a burial with honor.  The bodies were burned or tossed into a hole.  They certainly did not end up in a rich man’s tomb as did Jesus.  And again, to honor Jesus was a slap in the face of Pilate who had condemned Him to death.  But Joseph “took courage.”

Why did he do this?  Because he had two things: honor for Jesus and a new tomb near the place of crucifixion.  He didn’t wait to be asked.  He took courage and asked himself.  Thus, prophecy was fulfilled (Isa. 53:9).  And the exaltation of Jesus began.  What mighty things God has done with people who were submitted to Him and who were willing to let God have what little they had.  David and a slingshot.  Gideon, clay pitchers and 300 men.  A boy with five loaves and two fish. 

Before we walk away from the tomb, let’s note one other detail in the story.  Pilate was surprised that Jesus was “already dead.”  The record says He died before the two on either side of Him.  We know that He refused the wine mixed with myrrh because He wanted to be fully cognizant as He bore the sins of the world.  But after the hours of darkness, His words are “it is finished,” “I thirst,” and “into Thy hands I commit My spirit.”  He did not do something “suicidal” to end His life.  But He clearly quit fighting to keep going when He knew it was time.  Think about this.

·       People generally fear and fight against death.  That is normal because we are in Satan’s realm where death rules.

·       Second, we know that Jesus did not die until He had finished His race (Heb. 12:1-2).  He did not die until He had “endured the cross, despising the shame.”  For that reason He “has sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.”  He is the author and finished of our faith.  Thus, we are to look to Him from the moment we enter the race by putting our faith in Christ until we come to the end of the race.  He is our “forerunner” (Heb. 6:19-20).  He has completed the race and been victorious.  Our gaze upon Him is essential to the development of our faith, from start to finish.

·       So one thing is clear: Jesus did not fear death!  He didn’t want to die too soon.  But as soon as the race was finished, He had no need to engage in a hopeless fight to live long in hope that someone would deliver Him from death.  He put it all in His Father’s hands.  Jesus knew what we should know: it was not possible that He should be held by it (death; Acts 2:24). Hallelujah!

Psalm 102

The title captures the essence of this prayer.  The writer is sorely afflicted, overwhelmed by his trial, and pours out his heart to the Lord.  It may be the writing of a king as the writer speaks of a national affliction as well as his personal pain.  In the end this Hymn is profitable for today.

·         He cries to the Lord to hear his plea and to hurry with His answer, v1-2.

·         He describes his pain and the depth of his pain, v3-7.  His pain is physical.  He forgets to eat.  He is losing weight.  And feels very alone (the picture of the various birds that live alone in the wilderness).

·         He describes his immediate problem (his enemies who reproach him all day long) and the his real problem (he is experiencing God’s wrath), v8-11.  This is a familiar situation among God’s people who were prone to wander from the Lord.  God’s chastening involved some enemy nation that would afflict His people until they cried out for His mercy.  This happened in the time of the Judges, in varying degrees in the days of the Kings, through the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, and into today’s results of the Roman destruction.  This problem is personal to the Psalmist and is yet national.  And the result is that both the man and the nation feel very temporal (v10).

·         He describes his Hope (i.e. the object of hope, the One in whom he hopes), v12-17.  It is not simply the Lord; it is the eternal Lord.  While he feels temporary his trust is in the Lord who endures forever.

·         He describes his hope (i.e. the promise the Lord has made), v18-22.  It is not enough just to have an eternal Lord; there must also be a promise from that eternal Lord that applies to the situation.  The writer has such a promise, pictured as a time when the peoples are gathered together, and the kingdoms, to serve the Lord (v22).  At that time not just God’s people but the nations will declare His name and praise in Zion!  This is ultimately a Messianic promise, a reference to the Kingdom of Messiah promised in Psalm 2.

·         He concludes with a clear statement: because God is eternal His people will be established, v23-28.  This is a call for personal endurance.

This Psalm is full of encouragement for saints today when they are overwhelmed.  If we have a promise from the Lord for our time of trial, then God will keep His promise.  There will never come a time when His promise will fail.  The eternal God keeps His word eternally.  For example, consider Paul’s words in his hour of trial: I know whom I have believed and am persuaded that He is able to keep what I have committed to Him until that Day (2 Tim. 1:12).

The flesh responds to overwhelming trial with anger, bitterness, crankiness, hopelessness and the lifestyles of addiction, loneliness and depression.  Let us heed the call to trust God.  Cry out to Him.  Wait on Him.  He is faithful!

Luke 19:50-56, Joseph of Arimathea

What about Joseph of Arimathea?  The only time we hear his name is in the burial of Christ.  No one is sure where Arimathea was located.  Somehow, Joseph was part of the Sanhedrin based in Jerusalem.  Perhaps it was his money.  Having a tomb hewn out of the rock was a sure sign of his wealth.  Maybe it was his love for his God.  We also know this to be true.

Mark tells us two things about this Joseph.  First, he was waiting for the kingdom of God.  This was the kind of “waiting” that characterizes Old Testament believers in the Messiah.  The waiting is not docile; it is filled with expectancy, as when someone waits for the anticipated fulfillment of a promise.

The same word was used for other OT believers in Jesus’ day.  Simeon was waiting for the consolation of Israel (Lk. 2:25).  He even said the Lord told him that he would not die until he had seen the Messiah, the Lord’s Christ.  Anna was part of a group that was waiting for the redemption of Israel (Lk. 2:38).  Think about these people, waiting for the kingdom of God, the consolation of Israel, and the redemption of Israel.  They were all waiting for the Lord’s Christ.  He was/is all those things!

·       He was Israel’s King.  Being the Son of David, anointed by God to rule the nations from Zion (Psalm 2), Jesus was “the King of the Jews” whose initial message was to declare, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand.  Repent, and believe in the gospel” (Mk. 1:15).

·       He was Israel’s consolation.  When Isaiah announced “comfort” for the people of Israel and to Jerusalem (Isa. 40:1-2) he immediately assured them by prophesying the coming of the Messiah.  “Behold your God” (40:9). “His arm shall rule for Him … He will feed His flock like a shepherd” (40:10-11).  This prophecy continues through the end of Isaiah in Ch. 66!

·       He was Israel’s redeemer.  He was the first-born who would redeem God’s people (Ex. 12).  And He was the Kinsman-Redeemer who would become one of us so that He might give His life as the ransom for our liberty (Ruth 1-4; Heb. 2).

We have said that this characterized OT believers, this “waiting” expectantly for God’s promised Savior, the Seed of the woman (Gen. 3:15).  But what about NT believers?  Are we characterized by this waiting?  Yes!  The same word is used in Titus 2:11-14: … teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age, looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ .”  And again in Jude 1:20-21: But you, beloved, building yourselves up on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit, keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life.  As in the OT, so in the NT, we cannot live a victorious life without hope, without an eye on the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ!

John 19:38-42, The Day of Preparation/Crucifixion (2)

The second “therefore,” which is that Christ was on the cross during the Day of Preparation.  If the place of crucifixion is where I think it is, on the north outside Jerusalem in the “land of Moriah,” (not east where the temple was, not west where the Church of the Holy Sepulcher is, but north of the temple), then there were many people taking their lambs on the road that took people to the sheep gate, that brought them to the Pool of Bethesda for washing the lamb, and then onto the temple mount for killing the lamb.  What we know is that the “many people” who passed by the cross were busy about Passover.  That is what was happening in Jerusalem at the time.  And there was Jesus, our Paschal Lamb, being sacrificed on the altar of the cross!  It is an awesome picture.

The “Day of Preparation” was quite a full day.  It takes months, for me at least, to preach and teach through the chapters involved in that 24-hour day.  Every event is full of significance.  You might wonder if it was possible for all those events to be limited to one day; from the preparation of the Passover meal until the body of Christ was laid in the tomb, a lot happened.  John records 4 chapters of Jesus’ teaching (Jn. 13-16) as taking place at the meal.  The prayer of Ch. 17 might have been prayed at Gethsemane.  In between the Upper Room and the Garden they crossed the Kidron, although that would have been less than half an hour.  He prayed at the Garden, then returned under arrest to Caiaphas house.  There were trials before the Jews, and then before Rome, including both Pilate and Herod.  Again, the movements from Fortress Antonia to Herod’s location near Jaffa Gate and then back was not as far as you might think in the compact city of Jerusalem.  Getting to Golgotha would take a little longer than normal since Jesus was not moving fast.  Then 6 hours on the cross, with Joseph going back into town to get permission to take the body.  At least the tomb was “nearby” we are told.  It is not the most important question, but here is a chart with some possible times that show it is not unreasonable.  What a day! But it was the day we have longed for.  Let us rejoice and be glad in it!  For your consideration.