Psalm 85; 32:1-5, More on the Flood and Atonement

In my recent reading I discovered a couple of things in this Psalm relative to God’s plan of salvation.  First, in 85:2, having been brought back from captivity, the Psalmist notes that the LORD had forgiven and covered the sin of the people.  These same two truths are found in Ps. 32:1 where David extols the blessedness of the one whose sins are forgiven and covered. 

There is apparently a “play on words” in that the two Hebrew words are nasa and kasa.  To forgive is to carry the sins away.  To cover is to hide them from God’s sight.  And in Ps. 32:5 David declares that he, David, has not hidden (kasa) his sins, because that does not hide them from God.  Rather he has confessed or acknowledged them, so it is left for God to cover them.

We have mentioned before the idea of “atonement” in the Bible, that it has this idea of “covering” them.  The word often translated “atonement” in the OT is kephar.  This word has its roots in Noah’s ark where Noah was told by God to cover the outside of the ark with pitch, kephar.  In other words, for Noah to be safe from God’s judgment there would need to be something that would guarantee that the ark would not allow water to seep in from the outside.  Thus, as Peter said, a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water (1 Pt. 3:20).  The water carried the ark and kept them all afloat no matter how violent were the things happening outside.

But here is another interesting fact.  The roots of kasa (to hide something by covering it) are also in the flood.  In Gen. 7:18,20 (the first uses of this term) we see that the water covered all the high hills and mountains.  So, inside the ark was salvation; outside the ark was judgment for sin.  Through His judgment the LORD covered all the sinful earth/earthlings.  The LORD had seen that the wickedness of man was great in the earth and the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth (Gen. 6:5-6).  I’m sorry if you have soothed your view of God by proposing a flood that was not over all the earth.  It just doesn’t fit.

And if you wonder about this kasa word, the next use of the term is in Gen. 9:23 where Shem and Japheth walked backwards with a blanket to cover their father’s nakedness.  Again, there is a covering for sin and shame.  We should not be surprised that the flood provides the backdrop for such powerful and blessed and gracious understandings of our salvation.  Not only do we have a secure salvation in Christ; we have one that has totally dealt with our sin that separated us from God.  Praise His holy name!

Psalm 104

We are in a section of the Psalms where the worthiness of God to receive praise is derived from the world around us, both in creation and history.  If you desire to praise God for His attributes clearly seen in creation (Rom. 1:20) so you can glorify and thank Him for His goodness (Rom. 1:21) Psalm 104 is for you.  When Paul told the Athenians God gives life, breath, and all things to mankind (Acts 17:25) this is what he was talking about. Paul must have had Psalm 104 in mind when he told the idolaters of Lystra that God did not leave Himself without witness, in that He did good, gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness (Acts 14:17).  We all see the truth of this Psalm daily.  Consider the contents of this great Hymn!

·         104:1-2: Bless the Lord, the great Creator.  He stretched out the heavens (v2), a phrase that perfectly fits our ever expanding universe. Scientists even used this term "stretching" to describe the amazing thing that's happening. This phrase appears 17 times in the Old Testament.

·         104:3-9: He is the Creator …

o   Of the heavens (v3-4).  Note that He is sovereign, and uses the heavens and heavenly beings for His purposes.

o   Of the earth (v5-9).  This paragraph has in mind Gen. 1 where the waters were above and on the earth and Gen. 6-8 when the waters of the flood settled back into the valleys of the Earth, no longer to cover the earth.

·         104:10-26: He is the Sustainer …

o   Refreshing the earth with springs (v10-12) and rain (v13).

o   Causing the earth to produce all that is needed for man’s enjoyment and the needs of all living beings (v14-18).

o   Appointing the sun and moon so that there would be both seasons and day/night for the earth to be the perfect place to sustain life (v19-23).

o   Providing all the blessings that come from the oceans both with what grows there and how it enables man to move about and share the abundant resources from near and distant shores (v24-26).

§  In v24 such things as the law of gravity or laws of the harvest and all laws of nature are God’s creative wisdom.  It works and keeps on working because of His wisdom. One of the things that space exploration does for modern man is to show him that there is no other planet anywhere that is so perfectly fit for life as this earth. Everything in this Psalm is explained by this verse: it's all evidence of the wisdom of God! In recent days the climate alarmists have finally acknowledged their lies, that we are not about to destroy ourselves on this earth. But we knew this all along: the God Who created it is the God of all wisdom!

§  In v26 Leviathan is a large sea creature, perhaps dragon-like or similar to a crocodile or the extinct plesiosaurus.

·         104:27-30: Everything waits for God, i.e. depends on Him from day to day. Verse 30 contains another amazing truth. Not only is God the Creator, but he has made the earth to renew or repair itself. This is His work as the Sustainer of all things.

·         104:31-32: May all He has made bring Him glory, joy and reverent worship. What other response to all of this makes any sense at all? The One who made it all should get joy from what He has made.

·         104:33-35: As one of His works I will praise Him as long as I have the life He has given me.  And my prayer is that those who refuse to so honor Him will be consumed from the earth so that the Creator receives the complete, unified praise of all the earth!

Bless the Lord, O my soul!  Praise the Lord!!!

Judges 5:1-18, Decrees and Those Who Write Them (3)

Albert Barnes had a somewhat lengthy note on those who write decrees.

Wo unto them that decree unrighteous decrees - To those who frame statutes that are oppressive and iniquitous. The prophet here refers, doubtless, to the rulers and judges of the land of Judea. A similar description he had before given; Isaiah 1:10, (my note: he likens Israel’s rulers to those of Sodom and Gomorrah) Isaiah 1:23,(my note: the rulers of Israel are thieves, open for bribes) ...

Here, it evidently refers to the judges who declared oppressive and unjust sentences, and caused them to be recorded. It does not refer to the mere scribes, or recorders of the judicial opinions, but to the judges themselves, who pronounced the sentence, and caused it to be recorded. The manner of making Eastern decrees differs from ours: they are first written, and then the magistrate authenticates them, or annuls them. This, I remember, is the Arab manner, according to D'Arvieux. When an Arab wanted a favor of the emir, the way was to apply to the secretary, who drew up a decree according to the request of the party; if the emir granted the favor, he printed his seal upon it; if not, he returned it torn to the petitioner.

So we have an idea about these “lawmakers.”  What in Isaiah 10:1 what might have been their decrees?  The one other use of the noun (decrees) might help us.

·       Judges 5:15: Do you remember the leaders who offered themselves with their people in the fight against the King of Hazor?  In the case of Reuben, the leaders did not offer themselves but stayed with their sheep.  Thus, they had great “resolves” of heart.  Interesting use of the word.  What resolves?  I would assume they decided going to battle was not a good idea, too dangerous, something of that nature.  So, they decreed that their people not go.  In so doing they lost out on the joy of the LORD expressed in this Song.

Isa. 10:2 tells us the unrighteous decrees had the effect of robbing the poor, taking advantage of the widows and the fatherless.  Perhaps these decrees placed an undo burden on the poor and needy.  I think of the poor widow in Mark 12:41-44 who, in fear for her salvation, was compelled by the decrees of the leadership to give all her money into the offering.  The “corban” issue in Mk. 7:1-13 is another illustration of unrighteous decrees that made the lawmakers rich and the poor fearful.

In Isa. 10:3-4 it appears to me that the LORD responds with His own “decrees” that are meant to strike fear in the unrighteous lawgivers.  What will you do in the day of punishment, and in the desolation which will come from afar?  To whom will you flee for help?  And where will you leave your glory?  And, of course, the decrees of God are both just and true.  His is not a “made up” fear.

 He is the Rock, His work is perfect; for all His ways are justice, a God of truth and without injustice; righteous and upright is He (Deut. 32:4). Great and marvelous are Your works, Lord God Almighty!  Just and true are Your ways, O King of the Saints! (Rev. 15:3).

Isaiah 22:15-25, Decrees and Those Who Write Them (2)

We are considering “those who write decrees.”  We began in Isa. 10:1 and now move on from there.

·       Isa. 22:16: Shebna, a ruler of Jerusalem (he was a scribe, one who writes things, Isa. 36:3), had rejected God’s word through Isaiah.  He had hewn himself a grave, the grave of a rich and important man since it was hewn from rock.  Why did he “carve” a tomb (perhaps indicating he put his name on it; and this word “tomb” is miskan, a dwelling place; i.e. a fancy tomb to dwell in after he died) when the LORD said he would be die in a large country, having been driven from office by the LORD (read v15-19 for the whole story, and v20-25 for his replacement who was a man more worthy of the honor.)  Point: haqaq can be good or bad, and the LORD honors those who are good.

·       Isaiah 30:8: Isaiah is told to write on a tablet and “note” it on a scroll, that Judah is a rebellious people.  They sought help from Egypt instead of the LORD (30:1-7) and rejected the prophets of the LORD (v9-11).

·       Isaiah 33:22: For Israel, the LORD is their Judge (shawfat), Lawgiver and King (malak).  There are three areas of ruling seen in these terms.  Israel was a “mediatorial” kingdom, with God using men to carry out His will.  His authority was mediated.  Obeying the rulers was to be synonymous with obeying God.

·       Isa. 49:16: God comforts Judah.  They are “inscribed” (it’s official, a decree) on the palms of His hands.

·       Ezekiel 4:1: The prophet was told to “portray” Jerusalem on a clay tablet.

·       Ezekiel 23:14: Israel’s idolatry was evident in the “portrayal” of images of lusty Chaldeans on the wall.  These two from Ezekiel indicate pictures that have some significant meaning: Jerusalem Judah’s seat of government; Chaldeans the object of Judah’s harlotry/trust.

“Lawgivers” (haqaq) are important, a critical part of God’s plan for the nation.  They existed in the time when the Law of Moses was the law of the land.  Thus we would assume they wrote laws that helped carry out The Law.  The word is “decrees” which is not one of the terms in Deuteronomy which speaks of judgments, statutes and testimonies.  These lawmakers were to be honored.  Under ideal situations, you should neither ignore nor disobey them.  But it is possible that these lawgivers could be wicked, dishonest, open for a bribe or susceptible to working while drunk.  Then you have a problem.  Buksbazen, in his translation of Isa. 10:1, calls them “the writers who legislate trouble.”  Because their decrees are not from the LORD their “Lawgiver” they led the nation into grievous, oppressive or perverse situations, to quote from various English translations.  Pray for your “lawmakers.”

We will carry this over to another post.

Isaiah 10:1-4, Decrees and Those Who Write Them (1)

It is always helpful and much more meaningful if I can take time to meditate on what I read.  Such was the case yesterday as I was reading in Isaiah 9-10.  In the NKJV 10:1 says,

Woe to those who decree unrighteous decrees,

who write misfortune, which they have prescribed.

Who are these people?  And what does it mean, the “write misfortune”?  The result is a couple of word studies plus some time with my two favorite men of God when I am in Isaiah: Victor Buksbazen and Albert Barnes.  (It will be a while before we get to these men.  First, I want to do the simple word studies.  Decree is the verb (haqaq, 19x in 19 verses) and decrees the masculine noun (heqeq, 2x in 2 verses).  Those who decree apparently write out these decrees which they have come up with.

·       Gen. 49:10: Jacob blessing his sons; the scepter shall not depart from Judah nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes; and to Him shall be the obedience of the people.  First use is always important.  The “lawgiver” is not the Messiah as “Shiloh” is the only possible reference to Him.  So Judah will always have one who “decrees decrees” until Shiloh comes.  They are “normal.”

·       Num. 21:18: Praise when the LORD provided water in the desert, when a well was dug by the leaders of the nation.  Moses might be the lawgiver but others participate.

·       Deut. 33:21: Moses, blessing the tribes before his death, said this of Gad.  The “lawgiver’s portion” refers to Gad’s prime real estate, east of the Jordan and with the entirety of the Jordan River from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.  A haqaq should be honored.

·       Judges 5:9,14: Deborah and Barak bless the “rulers” of Israel who offered themselves willingly (volunteered) with the people.  Specifically, “rulers” came from Machir, the area of East Manasseh in Gilead, the modern Golan Heights.

·       Job 19:23: Job wishes his words were “inscribed” in a book.  It would seem he wants them more than just recorded but recorded as significant (decrees).

·       Psalm 60:7; 108:8 (identical): Of the tribes the Psalmist agrees with Genesis 49: Gilead and Manasseh are the LORD’s, Ephraim is His helmet, Judah His lawgiver.

·       Prov. 8:15: By wisdom kings reign and rulers “decree” justice.

·       Prov. 8:27,29: Wisdom was there when God drew a circle on the face of the deep.  The KJV says He set a compass, determining directions.  That was decreed by God, as were the foundations of the earth which He “marked out.”  Amazing!

·       Prov. 31:5: Rulers ought not be given over to wine lest they forget the “law.”  That should be set alongside Isa. 10:1, which is where we begin in the next post.

Mk. 16:19-20; 14:32-42, Jesus Obeys His Own Command!

In this, our final post on the Gospel of Mark, we come to the end of the matter.  Jesus has ascended to heaven and is sitting at the right hand of the Father, waiting for the Father to deal with His enemies (Ps. 110:1), and at the same time interceding for His own (Rom. 8:34).  Meanwhile, the Apostles “went out and preached everywhere,” being obedient to Jesus commission.  And Jesus’ followers continue today to bring the “world-wide” task to completion.  As Luke said in Ac. 1:1, Jesus had begun to do and teach this.  Now His Body, the Church, is doing what He did.  That is the way it must be.  Allow me to remind you of what I still consider to be the most crucial passage in all of Mark’s Gospel: 8:34-38.

³⁴ When He had called the people to Himself, with His disciples also, He said to them, “Whoever desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. ³⁵ For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and the gospel’s will save it. ³⁶ For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? ³⁷ Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? ³⁸ For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of him the Son of Man also will be ashamed when He comes in the glory of His Father with the holy angels.”

The passage makes it clear that we are called to follow Jesus.  He is the forerunner (Heb. 6:20; 12:1-2).  We are going where He went.  And now, allow me to give you another passage from John’s Gospel, at a time when Jesus’ earthly ministry had come to its conclusion.  Here is what He said then (John 12:23-26):

²³ But Jesus answered them, saying, “The hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified. ²⁴ Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much grain. ²⁵ He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. ²⁶ If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My servant will be also. If anyone serves Me, him My Father will honor.

What Jesus was facing was troubling, hard, the ultimate in suffering.  But this did not change anything because He was not seeking His own life but willing to lose it for the will of the Father.  So there it is: we are called not to seek our own lives but to lost them for the sake of Christ and the gospel!  Pray for me, that even in my old age, I will not neglect the sole commission Jesus gave to His followers.

Mk. 16:9-14; Mt. 14:22-33, Unbelief among the Believers

Marks account of the appearances of Jesus on that “day of resurrection” is concerned with the fact that Jesus’ disciples did not believe those to whom He had appeared.  Mark also does not tell the stories of these appearances.  Instead, we can go to other Gospel accounts and find them.

·       16:9-11: the testimony of Mary Magdalene.  This story is found in John 20:11-18.  Perhaps you remember, that Mary mistook Jesus for one of the gardeners, until she heard Him mention her name.  When Jesus departed the Magdalene immediately ran back to town to find the disciples who were in hiding in fear.  Peter and John went to the tomb to check out her story.  John tells us that he “saw and believed” (20:8), but then he adds in 20:9, For as yet they did not know (lit. understand, perceive) the Scripture, that He must rise again from the dead.  Thus Mark’s conclusion is, they did not believe. 

·       16:12-13: the testimony of the Emmaus Road disciples.  This story is found in Luke 24:13-35.  Mark says Jesus appeared to them in a different “form.”  The word here is morpe and refers to external appearance, what you can see (the only other NT uses are in Phil. 2:6 & 7).  Luke does tell us they did not recognize Jesus until they broke bread, just as Mary had not recognized Jesus until He mentioned her name.  We also remember that Jesus’ scars in His hands and side were visible (John 20:20,27).  Thus, Jesus’ appearance bore similarities but apparently differences to the body His Father had prepared for Him in His earthly life.  Of course, it is also likely that those who saw the resurrected Lord were not ready to recognize the One who had died on the cross.  Again, Marks conclusion is, they did not believe them either.  We know this because Luke goes on to say in 24:26-27 that when Jesus came into their midst they were terrified and frightened, thinking they had seen a spirit/ghost.

Thus, Mark then notes that Jesus, when He had appeared to the “ten” (Thomas was not there) that Jesus rebuked their unbelief and hardness of heart because they had not believed their testimony.  Again, we see this in Luke’s account: Why are you troubled? And why do doubts arise in your hearts? (Lk. 24:38-43).  The story of Peter walking on the water illustrates this.  Peter had faith to get out of the boat; but his faith was small, wavering when the winds gusted. 

The issue with the Apostles, for me, is that they heard the testimony, and may have believed that the tomb was empty and that they had seen Jesus.  But they did not perceive, or understand, that if this was really true then there was no longer a reason for them to be hiding out.  There was no change in their lives.  The same thing happens today.  We celebrate Easter with great music and preaching and potluck brunches, and yet we do not understand that the Morning Star has risen in our hearts, that we have been raised with Christ to live a new life, by His life in us.