Wednesday, February 21, 2018

Day 1 Historical/Political Context of Jesus’ Life, Luke 3:1-6

(We are beginnings studies in Luke today.  We have, in a different setting, written on the birth of Christ and resurrection passages.  Thus we begin in Luke 3.  After Day 31 there will be a more complete bibliography.)
 
The Bible is solidly anchored in history: real people and real events at real times and places.  The typical view of the gods of Rome and Greece was that of the Babylonian magi in Daniel’s time who noted that their dwelling was not with men (Dan. 2:11).  Not so the God of the Bible who made Mankind that He might delight in Mankind.  God’s involvement with Mankind is seen supremely in the Incarnation of Christ.  The Bible says He came when the fullness of the time had come (Gal. 4:4).  Luke anchored the birth of Christ in history (2:1-7); he does the same with the beginning of Jesus’ ministry.

·        In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar.  Tiberius ruled from 14-37AD, though he began as a co-regent in 11AD.  Thus the 15th year is around 26AD making Jesus around 30 years of age.  This was the age when priests began their service in the temple. 
·        Pontius Pilate being governor of Judea.  Pilate observed Jesus’ ministry from a distance until the time of the cross when he became a central figure.
·        Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Iturea and the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene (cf. map, next page).

Consider this description of life in the Roman Empire at this time.
* * * * * 
Slavery … a seething mass of cruelty and oppression on the one side, and of cunning and corruption on the other.  The free citizens were idle, dissipated, sunken; their chief thoughts of the theatre and the arena; and they were mostly supported at the public cost. 
What of the old Roman stock remained was rapidly decaying, partly from corruption, but chiefly from the increasing cessation of marriage, and the nameless abominations of what remained of family life. 
All belief in a personal continuance after death … ceased among educated classes. The only religion on which the State insisted was the deification and worship of the emperor.  The ancient Roman religion had long given place to foreign rites, the more mysterious and unintelligible the more enticing. (Alfred Edersheim, p120f)
* * * * *  
·        Annas and Caiaphas were high priests.  “The former, though deposed, retained much of his influence, and, probably, as sagan or deputy, exercised much of the power of the high priesthood along with Caiaphas (Jn. 18:13; Ac. 4:6).” (Jamieson, Fausset, Brown)  The position was very political, requiring the approval of the Romans.  Rome was happy if they maintained order, something that was quite tricky.  Herod the Great’s beautification of the temple illustrated this.  He did this to please the Jews, and yet gave the face of the temple a Roman look to please the emperor and connected the fortress Antonia to the northwest corner so he could keep his eye on the Jews.  Neither of these things made the Jews happy.  No one in the empire was as difficult as the Jews who chafed under Roman authority; they longed for a Messiah to deliver them politically.

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