Psalm 2 presents the “Mystery of God.” Before time began, in a conversation within the Godhead, the Father designated the Son to be the heir of all things, to receive all the nations as His inheritance. In Acts 4:25-26 the believers quote Psalm 2:1-2 in their prayer for boldness. They see the raging and plotting as having been fulfilled in the suffering of Christ at the hands of Herod, Pontius Pilate, the Gentiles and the people of Israel (v27). Here are the two passages.
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Psalm 2:1-2: Why do
the nations rage, |
Acts 2:25-26: ‘Why
did the nations rage, |
In Acts the verbs are “aorist” tense. Why did they rage and plot? The kings took, the rulers were gathered together. The Greek aorist tense is defined thus: … characterized by its emphasis on punctiliar action; that is, the concept of the verb is considered without regard for past, present, or future time. There is no direct or clear English equivalent for this tense, though it is generally rendered as a simple past tense in most translations. The most common use refers to some event that had it’s beginning in the past and has been completed, which is the meaning here.
The context for the promise of the Father to the Son is in the raging and plotting of the nations and people. This was the common situation of the nations throughout OT history but we see it as well in the latter days which are still unfulfilled. The “tenses” fit perfectly with this “already fulfilled/yet to be fulfilled” idea.
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Hebrew Perfect (rage, counsel) |
Hebrew Imperfect (plot, set) |
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Generally designates a completed action or a situation that is viewed as a single event. Perfects are generally translated as simple pasts “He ran” or as past perfects “He has run”, but they may also be translated as presents or futures. The meaning … therefore has more to do with how an action took place than with when it took place. |
Generally designates an action which is continuous, incomplete, or open-ended. Rather than depicting an action as a single event, the imperfect depicts it as a continuing process. It is therefore typically translated as a present “He is running” or a future “He will be running,” although it can sometimes be translated as a continuous past “He was running.” The meaning of the imperfect therefore has more to do with how an action took place than with when it took place. |
Simple study. But demonstrates God’s choice of Hebrew and Greek to reveal His truth to men. Thank you Father!