Saturday, October 29, 2022

Neh. 11:1-2,19-24, Israel’s “Urban Dwellers”

These passages caught my attention as I was reading today.  The chapter has to do with populating Jerusalem in the post-exilic time.  Note that Jerusalem is here called “the holy city.”  That term is used only here in the OT (Dan. 9:24 calls it “your [Daniel’s] holy city.”  Twice it is applied to the city coming down from heaven in Rev. 21:2,10.  It is properly called by this name because it was God’s choice to make it the place where He put His name.

In Neh. 11:1-2 the returnees “rolled the dice” to see who would dwell in Jerusalem.  Why were people reluctant to live in the city?  As a prominent city it would be more likely to experience hostility from foreign powers.  Just being a city might mean greater issues with crime.  The work, for most of the people of Judah, was outside the city, in the fields and orchards.  Matthew Henry says one reason for the reluctance was that there was a greater strictness of lifestyle that many were not willing to come up to.  I’m not sure if that’s the case but I do know that today, Jerusalem has that reputation because it is a leading city for Jews, Christians and Muslims.  Another issue could be, if it was like today, Jerusalem may have been more expensive than living elsewhere in Israel.

When I read that 1/10 were to be chosen to live in the city, I thought that today there are many more in Jerusalem, and that perhaps there was less reluctance to live there.  But then I “googled” the figures and discovered the population of modern Jerusalem is roughly 957,000 and that of Israel is 9,000,000.  In other words, it’s essentially 1/10.  One difference might be that modern Israel is home to a large number of Israeli Arabs as well as many Palestinians (especially East Jerusalem).  In Nehemiah’s time the numbers involved the Jews only as I understand it.

Neh. 11:21 has a couple of interesting references.  The “Nethinim” dwelt in “Ophel.”  The Nethinim were temple slaves (Ezra 8:20).  Most people I have read equate them with the Gibeonites who deceived Joshua and Israel (Josh. 9).  The resulting agreement was that Israel allowed them to live but they became servants to the congregation and the altar of the Lord (9:27).  Some of the Nethinim lived in the cities of Judah (11:3) where there were also some of the Levites living.  But many lived in the Ophel, near the temple.

The ”Ophel” is believed to be the area north of the City of David, on the first of the 4 mountains in the land of Moriah (Gen.22:2).  Now what does that mean?  The accompanying maps should help.  “Ophel” means “hill.”  It lies on the initial upslope of Moriah.  In the second temple, in Jesus’ day, the steps up to the Huldah Gates, climbed from the Ophel, bringing worshipers up into the temple mount area.  Today much of the Ophel area is part of the Jerusalem/Davidson Archaeological Park.  It has several items of interest to Christians.  One is the pile of rocks that reminds us of Jesus’ prophecy that not one stone of the beautiful buildings of the temple would be left on another (Mt. 24:2).  Another are the afore mentioned steps, where some believe Peter preached his sermon on Pentecost (Acts 2).  Another are the myriad of “mikvehs” (baptism pools) that could tell us how thousands were baptized on Pentecost and afterwards.  Those are some important connections for a place not particularly well known.

 



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