Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Matthew 13:10-17, The Mysteries of the Kingdom

What are parables?  Why did Jesus use them?  How should we interpret them? 

ü What are parables?  They were a common method of teaching in the Near East, stories used to convey spiritual truth through a series of earthly comparisons.  A common definition of a parable is that it is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning.  Matthew Henry (what a blessing that anyone these days has access to the work of this godly man) said it this way:

...here in the gospels it generally signifies a continued similitude or comparison, by which spiritual or heavenly things were described in language borrowed from the things of this life. ... Our Saviour used it much, ... (he) speaks from heaven, and of heavenly things, and yet clothes them with expressions borrowed from things earthly.  

ü How are we to interpret parables?  In Matthew 13 Jesus actually helps us by interpreting a couple of them.  One can study a lot on this question but here are some basic questions to use when approaching parables.

1.     How does this parable relate to Christ, and esp. to His kingdom?

2.     What do we know of the cultural (earthly) aspects of the parable?

3.     What is the one central truth of the parable?

4.     Did Jesus interpret some or all of the parable?

5.     How does this parable fit into the context of the story or Gospel where it's found?  (We sought to answer this in yesterday’s post, seeing the connection between these parables and the rejection that was coming to a head.)

ü Why did Jesus use parables?  There is a two-fold answer: to conceal truth and to reveal truth.  This might sound contradictory at first but there is an easy answer to the seeming conundrum: if you use a story to illustrate a point, some people will get hung up on the illustration, while those who have a mind to will see the point more readily.  That’s easy to see.  What is hard is to ask, why would Jesus want to conceal truth from people?  Again, there are two answers.

o   On the one hand He is hiding this truth only from people who have already shown themselves to be deaf to His claims and message.  When people harden their hearts, they become even more dense to the truth.  That’s the point of Mt. 13:12. Those who want to learn will be helped.  Those who don’t want to learn will not be able to understand.

o   In addition, God’s plan, elsewhere called “the mystery of God,” (Rev. 10:7; Col. 2:2) is being worked out.  As painful as the rejection is and will be, it is part of the plan.  It was prophesied by Isaiah (Mt. 13:14-15/Isaiah 6:9-10).  We have spoken of this often and it is worth noting that this prophecy appears at key moments in the NT: John 12:39-40 shortly before Jesus’ death; Acts 28:25-27 when Paul preached the gospel to the Jews in Rome.

ü What is the key to knowledge, to understanding Jesus’ parables?  Luke 11:52 speaks of this key, saying that the “lawyers” (religious leaders) had taken this key away from the people so they could not understand.  What is this key?  Is it the Holy Spirit?  Certainly, we need the One who can turn the light on for us.  It is faith?  Again, we must have faith in God to access the truth of His Word.  Perhaps that is the best way to understand Isa. 33:5-6 where knowledge is available to those who value the fear of the Lord.  That is a broad answer to the question.  It means we trust God’s own explanation of His Word.  So, when Christ explains the parable we trust Him.  When other scriptures open up the parable for us, we trust God. 

Let us ask the Lord to help us to understand as Jesus teaches through these stories.  After all, He is speaking about the time in which we live, between the two advents.

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