Tuesday, December 21, 2021

1 Samuel 16:1-13, Characteristics of David

David was not a perfect man.  None of God’s “men” were.  God describes His servants honestly.  We see their faults and their faith.  God recognizes special things about those who serve Him faithfully.  Abraham was God’s “friend” (2 Chron. 20:7).  Moses, was God’s “servant” (Josh. 1:1).  Job was “blameless and upright” (Job 1:1,8; 2:3).  God said great things about David, as did others.  Here’s a list of several descriptions of David, including those who made the statement.

·       13:14: Samuel: “a man after His (God’s) own heart.”

·       15:28: Samuel: a neighbor … who is better than you (Saul).

·       16:1: God: a King “provided” by God. 

·       16:12: Samuel: “ruddy with bright eyes and good-looking.”

·       Here are 4 descriptions related to the killing of the giant:

o   17:12: Samuel: the son of the Ephrathite of Bethlehem.

o   17:28: Eliab (David’s brother): “I know your pride and insolence of heart.”

o   17:33: Saul: “just a youth.”

o   17:42: Goliath: “only a youth, ruddy and good-looking.”

·       18:14: Samuel: behaved wisely, and the LORD was with him (v12)

·       22:14: The Priest Ahimelech, that David was faithful to Saul.

·       24:11: David, when running from Saul: “I have not sinned against you (Saul).”

·       25:28: Abigail’s description: “my lord (i.e. David) fights the battles of the LORD, and evil is not found in you throughout your days.”

·       2 Sam. 5:1-2: Leaders of Israel, when they made David king, “when Saul was king over us, you were the one who led Israel out and brought them in.”

·       2 Sam. 23:1: David’s own words, “David the son of Jesse … the man raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, the sweet psalmist of Israel.”

Again, David had his faults, grievous sins.  But some criticism of David is unfair.  For example, some criticize him for fleeing to Gath, that it was an act of unbelief, not trusting God to protect him.  The Bible does not make that accusation.  What do we know about Gath?  It was a city of the Philistines near Israel.  Israelites had lived there with the Philistines in the past (14:21).  Prior to Saul the Israelites used the blacksmiths there (13:19-21). There was a difference between Achish of Gath and the other Philistine kings (22:1-7; 29:3-11), because of David’s lie about attacking cities in Israel when he was actually helping Israel by attacking others. 

My point is that David’s decision to seek refuge with Achish may have been his understanding of what God wanted.  David fought the Philistines (23:1-13); he was not “soft” on them.  Some have wondered what David would have done if the Philistines would have permitted him to join them in fighting Saul (28:1-2).  The evidence of his life to that point is that he would have turned against the Philistines.  He never did anything but fight for Israel and against the enemies of Israel.

Another criticism of David’s early career that I hear has to do with the story of Abigail, when David is ready to kill Nabal for not rewarding him and his men for their kindness (25:13,22).  David is clearly wrong to do this, which Abigail makes clear (25:26-31).  To want revenge is common among people.  The thing that stands out about David in this story is that he heeded your voice and respected your person (25:35, speaking to Abigail).  David was learning that vengeance lies with God.  It is unfair to say that this is a common trait in David’s life.  He did not take vengeance on Saul who repeatedly sought to kill him.  And when he found out that the people of Keilah were going to give him up, after he saved them, he did not get angry or seek revenge (23:10-13).

Bottom line is, that David was a man after God’s heart.  And he became the standard of judgment for all the kings who followed him.

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